Spinal discs are the rubbery cushions between each of the vertebrae. Discs act as shock absorbers for the spine, allowing it to move, bend, or twist. They are composed of a tough outer portion, called the annulus fibrosus, and a soft gel-like center called the nucleus pulposus.
When a disc becomes damaged or degenerates, a person may experience pain, muscle weakness, numbness, or tingling in the extremities or sciatica down the legs. Disc problems usually occur in the neck or low back.
Causes of Disc Degeneration
There are a number of factors that contribute to disc degeneration. Common factors include:
- Aging – Discs dry out as people age.
- Injuries – Sports or work-related injuries, falls, and vehicle accidents can damage discs.
- Obesity – Extra body weight puts pressure on discs.
- Genetics – Studies have shown an association between genetics and disc degeneration.
What does artificial disc replacement do?
Artificial disc replacement is a surgical option that replaces a worn or damaged disc with a new disc. This restores function and mobility, allowing the patient to bend, twist, and move normally without pain. Artificial discs are made from surgical grade metal, such as titanium or cobalt chromium, on the outside and a pliable inner material, such as a polyethylene fiber.
Who is a good candidate for artificial disc replacement?
The best candidates for artificial disc replacement are people with symptoms that seem to originate from only one or two discs. These damaged discs are usually causing nerve compression. Younger people generally have better results from disc replacement than older patients. The ideal candidate should not have significant arthritis, osteoporosis, or facet joint disease. They should not have any spinal deformities or abnormalities such as scoliosis. Patients should be in good general health and maintain a healthy weight, since obesity can lead to post-operative complications.
The patient should not have had any previous major spinal surgery. There should not be spinal instability. Artificial disc replacement is generally not recommended unless the patient has tried conservative treatments for several months, and they have not been successful. Some conservative treatments could include rest, heat/cold therapy, pain medications, physical therapy, or epidural steroid injections. Many disc conditions will improve significantly without surgical treatments.
Another Surgical Alternative
Spinal fusion is an alternative surgery for patients with structural deformities in the spine or spinal instability. Spinal fusion may also be the better option for people with severe degenerative disc disease or vertebral fractures.
Atlanta Brain and Spine Care
The spine specialists at Atlanta Brain and Spine Care are experts in treating disc problems. Contact us to schedule a consultation.
