Osteoblastomas are rare, typically non-cancerous bone tumors that can occur anywhere in the body. Approximately 40 percent of osteoblastomas occur in the spine, with hands, feet, and legs also being common sites. Although these tumors are generally benign, a tumor diagnosis of any type can still be distressing for the patient. The good news is that osteoblastomas do not spread to other tissues. However, they do destroy healthy bone tissue and replace it with weaker osteoid material. This osteoid material is more prone to fractures, including compression fractures of the spinal vertebrae.
What spinal symptoms are caused by an osteoblastoma?
Symptoms of osteoblastoma are dependent on the location of the tumor but may include the following:
- Swelling
- Pain or tenderness
- Muscle spasms
- Weakness
- Numbness
- Scoliosis
- Spinal fractures
- Sciatica
Who is most affected by osteoblastomas?
These tumors are most often diagnosed in patients aged 30 and younger. More males than females are affected. The cause of osteoblastomas is unknown, but they don’t appear to be hereditary.
Diagnosis
The diagnostic process includes a detailed patient medical history and a physical and neurological exam. Imaging tests may include x-rays, MRIs, or a CT Myelogram.
Following the imaging tests, a biopsy may be performed to examine a small sample of the tumor tissue. Biopsies can be performed in two ways. A needle biopsy can be performed through the skin using image guidance. A biopsy can also be done using an open surgical procedure.
Treatment Plan
Total surgical removal of an osteoblastoma is generally the treatment of choice. Surgery may be necessary to reduce pain, preserve neurological function, and stabilize the spine. A spinal fusion may be necessary to realign and help stabilize the spine. Prognosis for the patient is generally excellent following surgery. However, some types of osteoblastomas may grow back, particularly if the surgeon was unable to remove the entire tumor. This occurs in up to 25 percent of cases. Regular follow up imaging scans may be performed if the surgeon thinks the tumor may regrow. If the tumor does return, it can be treated using the same methods.
Atlanta Brain and Spine Care
Atlanta Brain and Spine Care is metro Atlanta’s premier neurosurgical practice. Our Board Certified neurosurgeons offer patients access to some of the world’s most advanced surgical treatments and procedures in five convenient metro Atlanta locations. Contact us to schedule a consultation with a spine specialist.