Osteoarthritis, or arthritis, of the spine is very common, especially as people age. Many adults begin to notice symptoms of osteoarthritis by age 40. Symptoms most often begin gradually and become more painful over time. Spinal arthritis is a progressive disease of wear and tear on the facet joints that gets worse with age. Common locations of spinal arthritis are the neck and low back. Imaging tests for osteoarthritis include x-rays, MRIs, and CT scans of the affected areas.
What is osteoarthritis?
Osteoarthritis occurs when the cartilage that protects the ends of bones breaks down or wears away. This allows bone to rub on bone, causing pain and inflammation. In the spine, the facet joints are affected. These small joints are located between and behind the vertebrae. In addition, bone spurs (osteophytes) may form in the joints. These bone spurs can rub on tendons, ligaments, and nerves, causing further inflammation.
Symptoms of Spinal Arthritis
The major symptoms of spinal arthritis are the same as arthritis symptoms in other joints – pain, stiffness, loss of flexibility, and swelling. Additional symptoms from spinal arthritis may include numbness or tingling in the arms or legs, weakness, a grinding sensation when moving the back, and headaches, if the neck is affected. Not everyone will have all these symptoms. Pain and stiffness may feel worse first thing in the morning or after periods of inactivity. Pain may also increase after over-exertion or repetitive movements.
Lifestyle Changes that Help Manage Spinal Arthritis
- Lose Weight – Being overweight adds pressure to the joints, including the facet joints of the spine. Carrying excess weight increases the chances of discs becoming herniated, particularly in the low back. Studies have linked excess fat to the release of chemicals that trigger inflammation in the body.
- Exercise – Living a sedentary lifestyle may worsen inflammation. Inactivity leads to stiffness and decreased flexibility. Regular exercise improves joint movement, balance, muscle strength, and helps prevent obesity. Low-impact exercise, swimming, water aerobics, gentle stretches, Tai chi, and walking can benefit people with spinal arthritis.
- Posture – Poor posture puts strain on the discs, vertebrae, and facet joints. Slouching or slumping creates friction that may damage cartilage.
- Physical therapy – Doctors often recommend physical therapy to improve flexibility and range of motion, improve strength, and reduce joint stress. Physical therapists can recommend exercises to help manage arthritis pain.
Next Steps
If back pain persists after several weeks of at-home treatment with no improvement, it’s time to see a physician for a diagnosis of the cause. Though joint damage from arthritis is irreversible, there are treatments and lifestyle changes that can help manage pain and prevent further damage.
The neurosurgeons at Atlanta Brain and Spine Care have been treating spinal disorders and injuries since 2003. Contact us to schedule a consultation with a specialist.
