Sciatica, or lumbar radiculopathy, is caused by compression of the sciatic nerve in the lower spine. It’s a condition suffered by about 40% of people at some point in their lives. Younger people are not generally affected unless they’ve had some type of back injury. The condition becomes more common with the wear and tear of aging.
Medical Causes of Sciatica
- Degenerative disc disease
- Herniated discs
- Spinal stenosis
- Osteoarthritis of the spine
- Spinal cysts or tumors
- Spondylolisthesis (vertebrae slips forward over the vertebrae below it)
- Degenerative scoliosis
- Pregnancy (contributing to nerve compression)
Other Risk Factors for Sciatica
- Previous injury to the low back
- Being overweight or obese
- Physical inactivity; prolonged sitting
- Jobs that require heavy lifting, twisting of the back, or driving long distances
- Diabetes-related peripheral neuropathy
Symptoms of Sciatica
- Pain that affects the buttocks and leg on one side; pain may feel sharp, burning or shooting
- Pain may worsen with certain movements or activities
- Pain may improve when lying down
- Tingling or numbness in the low back, buttocks, or leg (sometimes extending to the foot)
- Muscle weakness in the leg
- Altered reflexes
- Drop foot
- Urinary or bowel incontinence
Recommended Self-treatments
Initial pain should be treated with cold packs to reduce swelling and inflammation. After several days of cold therapy, heating pads can be applied or cold and heat therapy can be alternated. Over-the-counter non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications can be taken for pain and inflammation. Many people benefit from massage or acupuncture. Movement is good for sciatica. Start with simple stretches or low impact activities. Avoid twisting the spine, as this can aggravate the condition. Swimming can be helpful.
When should I see a doctor for sciatica?
Many cases of sciatica can be successfully managed at home with self-care. However, a physician should be seen if pain becomes moderate or severe after initial home treatments, or symptoms persist for several weeks or months. If symptoms are interfering with daily activities or the individual experiences bladder or bowel incontinence, a physician should be consulted.
When Self-care Hasn’t Helped
A physician may recommend additional treatment options including prescription pain relievers, muscle relaxers, corticosteroid spinal injections for pain relief, and physical therapy. Surgery is usually not necessary, except in extreme cases.
Atlanta Brain and Spine Care
The physicians at Atlanta Brain and Spine Care are experts in the diagnosis and treatment of back pain and sciatica. Contact us to schedule an appointment with a spine specialist.
