Falls are a common cause of spinal injuries and trauma, especially among the elderly. According to the CDC, more than one out of four older people fall each year. Not all falls cause serious injury, but 10-20 percent of falls result in significant injuries. Falls can result in head injuries and spinal trauma including spinal fractures, herniated discs, and spinal cord injuries.
Types of Spinal Injuries
The following are types of spinal injuries that may result from falls:
- Spinal Fractures – The impact from a fall can lead to fractures of the vertebrae. Symptoms can vary depending on severity and location of the injury. Symptoms can include pain, difficulty standing or walking, numbness or tingling of the extremities, loss of bladder or bowel control, and paralysis.
- Herniated Disc – Sudden impact from a fall can cause a herniated disc. The height from which a person falls, the landing position, pre-existing conditions, and whether there was twisting or bending involved are contributing factors. When a disc herniates, the jelly-like center pushes out and puts pressure on nearby nerves or the spinal cord. Symptoms include pain, numbness or tingling in arms or legs, and muscle weakness.
- Spinal Cord Injuries – These are more severe injuries that can bruise or tear the spinal cord. Injuries may be permanent. Symptoms vary depending on the location of the injury. Common symptoms include muscle weakness; loss of feeling or muscle movement in the chest, arms, or legs; breathing difficulties; loss of bladder and bowel control.
Tips to Prevent Falls in the Elderly
The following are some strategies for reducing fall risks for the elderly:
- Wear sensible shoes – Properly fitting flat shoes with non-skid soles are recommended. High heels, flip flops, and loose slippers increase the risk of falling.
- Remove home hazards – Electrical cords, loose throw rugs, low tables, and general clutter in high traffic areas may create fall risks.
- Use non-slip mats and hand rails in the tub and shower.
- Store everyday necessities within easy reach to avoid use of step ladders.
- Add more lighting to dim areas both inside and outside the home.
- Use handrails on stairs.
Remember that many health conditions and medications have side effects that may increase fall risk.
After a Fall
Falls can be serious for the elderly. It’s possible to feel fine initially but feel worse hours or days later. Seeking prompt medical attention is always best so serious injury can be ruled out.
Atlanta Brain and Spine Care
The neurosurgeons at Atlanta Brain and Spine Care are experts in the diagnosis and treatment of spinal fractures, herniated discs, and spinal injuries. Contact us to schedule an appointment with a specialist.
