Aches and pains in the spine are common as people age. Back pain affects both men and women, and lower back pain is a recurrent complaint of older adults. Lifestyle, genetics, and physiological factors all play a role. The aging process often leads to specific changes in the spine.
Common causes of age-related back pain include the following:
- Degenerative Discs – Discs are located between the spinal vertebrae. They have a soft core that dries out as we age. Most people experience some level of disc degeneration after age 40. As the discs dry out and shrink, they are no longer able to provide cushioning between the vertebrae. Discs may eventually herniate and begin pressing on nearby nerves.
- Spinal Stenosis – The spinal canal narrows due to disc degeneration, thickened ligaments, and osteoarthritis in the facet joints. Less space means that the spinal cord and nerves can become irritated or compressed, causing pain. Depending on where the stenosis occurs, there may be pain, numbness, or weakness in the neck, shoulders, arms, low back, buttocks, or legs.
- Osteoarthritis – This condition can damage the cartilage in the facet joints of the spine. Bone rubs against bone, leading to inflammation and stiffness. Sometimes bone spurs are produced, which further irritate nerves and joints, causing pain.
- Osteoporosis – This age-related condition weakens bones and may lead to compression fractures in the spine. Vertebrae collapse and put pressure on other vertebrae, nerves, and surrounding tissue. Vertebral fractures may cause instability and pain in the spine.
- Spondylolisthesis – This happens when one of the spinal vertebrae slips out of alignment and presses on the vertebrae below. Nearby nerves may become compressed, causing pain and instability.
Diagnostic Tests
X-rays are an important diagnostic tool. Doctors are able to pinpoint areas of concern and make treatment recommendations. A CT scan may be used for a more detailed look at the spinal cord or discs. MRIs create detailed images that allow doctors to see different angles of the spine. MRIs can detect a variety of conditions including issues with vertebrae, soft tissues, nerves, and discs.
The Age Factor
All of the above conditions are common in people older than 50. Some people experience no symptoms while others have acute or chronic pain. Many people see improvement with conservative treatments including medications for pain and inflammation, cold and heat therapy, rest, and physical therapy. Some conditions may require surgery to decompress and stabilize the spine.
Treatment at Atlanta Brain and Spine Care
Our spine specialists are experts in the diagnosis and treatment of back pain. We see patients at five convenient locations in metro Atlanta. Contact us to schedule a consultation.
