A herniated disc is a common spinal condition affecting approximately 3 million people each year in the U.S. Risk factors include having a job requiring heavy lifting and twisting or participating in high-impact sports and activities that involve repetitive bending, twisting, or lifting. A herniated disc is more common as people age, as discs tend to dry out and lose their elasticity. The condition affects more men than women.
What is a spinal disc?
Discs are the rubbery cushions between each vertebrae, which act as shock absorbers. There are 23 discs in the human spinal column. Discs enable our bodies to bend, twist, and move more comfortably because they absorb pressure and prevent the vertebrae from rubbing against one another. Discs maintain space between the vertebrae for the spinal nerves.
What happens when a disc herniates?
When discs become damaged, the result is often pain, loss of flexibility, and reduced range of motion. Discs are flat and round, with a tough outer ring that surrounds and protects the soft inner core, called the nucleus pulposes. The outer layer of the disc is made of fibrous connective tissue. The inner core is a gel-like substance composed of water, collagen, and proteoglycans. Over time, the outer layer of the disc can weaken and develop small tears. This allows the soft center to herniate, or push out through the tears. Although some people have no symptoms from a herniated disc, others may experience significant symptoms that may impact their daily activities.
Symptoms of a Herniated Disc
Symptoms vary depending on the location of the herniated disc.
Cervical disc herniation (neck)
- Pain in the neck ranging from mild to sharp
- Pain, weakness, or numbness radiating through the shoulder down the arm to the hand
- Pain may worsen with certain head movements or activities
- Headaches
- Difficulty performing fine motor tasks
Lumbar disc herniation (low back)
- Pain, stiffness, or loss of flexibility in the low back
- Pain, weakness, or tingling that radiates from the hip or buttock down the leg
- Muscle spasms in the low back
- Pain made worse by standing or bending
- Balance issues
- Loss of bladder or bowel control
Do herniated discs heal on their own?
Herniated discs often heal on their own within 4-6 weeks. Most cases do not require surgery. Herniated discs can be successfully treated at home with anti-inflammatory pain medications. Ice therapy can be used initially. After a few days, heat therapy can relax muscles and increase blood flow. Sleeping on the back with pillow support under the knees can be helpful. The patient can do low-impact activities but should avoid lifting, bending, and twisting.
When to See a Doctor
See your physician if pain does not improve after 4-6 weeks, becomes suddenly severe, or interferes with daily life. The doctor may prescribe epidural injections for pain and inflammation or recommend physical therapy. The spine specialists at Atlanta Brain and Spine Care are experts in the diagnosis and treatment of herniated discs. Contact us for a consultation.
